This research aims to investigate the mitochondrial genome that collected both from 1) the prehistoric samples consisted of twenty-six molar teeth of twenty-six adult individuals from the Mortuary Phase 1-5 of Noen U-Loke archaeological site, Non Sung District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, approximately 1,500-2,400 BP. And 2) the present samples extracted from hair of the modern populations consisted of Chao Bon in Pak Thongchai District in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, and Khmer ethnic along the Thailand-Cambodia border in Chantaburi Province. Including the comparative study with the genome database of the ethnics in Thailand like as Mani, Lisu, Phuthai, and the Han Chinese from Yunnan, Qingdao, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Wuhan.

In accordance with the twenty-two teeth that the mitochondrial DNA recovered, their frequency of each haplogroup was 45% for haplogroup M, and followed by haplogroup B, B*, and F. Moreover, the results indicated a possibly of genetically related between the prehistoric individuals particularly from the Mortuary Phase 2-5.

Analyzed data with the genome of the modern populations by using neighbor-joining method to construct the population tree, these populations can be divided into three groups. The first group is Sakai or Mani. Secondly, the prehistoric population of Noen U-Loke who had genetically close to the Han Chinese from Liaoning, Guangdong, Qingdao, Lao Song, and the Austroasiatic peoples like as Chong and Chao Bon respectively. And the last group is consisting of the modern Thais in Khon Kaen, Nakhon Ratchasima, and Chiang Mai, who had genetically close to the Han Chinese in Yunnan, Phuthai, Lisu, and the Han Chinese from a northwest area like Qinghai and Xinjiang. This result supported the hypothesized that the prehistoric populations on Northeast Thailand, particularly from NoenU-Loke migrated from eastern China more than 2,400 BP